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µ¿ºÏ¾Æ ¾Èº¸¿Í ¹ø¿µÀ» À§ÇÑ ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ Àå´Ü±â Àü·« |
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¾Ë·º»ê´õ ¹ö½Ã¹Ù¿ì |
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Á¤Ä¡¿Ü±³¿¬±¸¼¾ÅÍ / Çѹݵµ¿Í ¹Ì±¹ |
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Âü°íÀÚ·á |
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Á¤Ã¥º¸°í¼ |
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ÁÖÇѹ̱¹´ë»ç°ü |
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2007/06/23 |
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µ¿ºÏ¾Æ ¾Èº¸¿Í ¹ø¿µÀ» À§ÇÑ ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ Àå´Ü±â Àü·«
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µ¿ºÏ¾Æ ¾Èº¸¿Í ¹ø¿µÀ» À§ÇÑ ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ Àå´Ü±â Àü·«
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¡°The United States¡¯ Short- and
Long-Term Strategies for a Secure and Prosperous Northeast Asia¡±
Alexander Vershbow
U.S. Ambassador to the Republic of Korea
Jeju Peace Forum
Panel Presentation, Diplomat Roundtable
¡°Initiative for NE Asian Community Building: National Perspectives¡±
June 23, 2007
The United States¡¯ overarching goal for Northeast Asia is for peace, stability, and prosperity in the region. Although the U.S. is not geographically part of the region, our history and alliances here demonstrate our commitment to Northeast Asia. At this time of year, we join Koreans and our UN partners in remembering the beginning of the Korean War 57 years ago, during which we fought together to defend and preserve South Korea¡¯s freedom. To work toward peace, stability, and prosperity in the region in this day and age, the U.S. has both short-term and long-term strategies. In the short term, our foremost priority is to strengthen peace and stability in the Northeast Asia region through the denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula. Longer-term – but also starting now – we would like to foster interregional cooperation, promote democracy, and participate in the dynamic economic development of this region.
Short-Term: Denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula
First, let¡¯s begin with our short-term goal: getting rid of all nuclear programs in the DPRK. That¡¯s easy to say but difficult to do, as the last two decades or so have shown. A North Korea armed with nuclear weapons is not only a direct military threat to the region, and a possible source of nuclear material for terrorists, it is also like a boulder in the middle of the road to peace and security for the peninsula and for all of Northeast Asia. Fortunately, the region is reacting collectively and in an organized way through the Six-Party Talks. Along with the United States, South Korea, Japan, China and Russia understand how a nuclear-armed North Korea undermines security and stability in the region, and leaves the North Korean people cut off from the prosperity that is sweeping the rest of Northeast Asia. They are standing together to meet the challenge that North Korea poses, offering Pyongyang¡¯s leaders a clear choice: denuclearize and receive security guarantees, economic and energy assistance, and normal relations with the international community; or refuse to denuclearize, and face continued isolation, sanctions, and economic stagnation.
As you know, this past week we have witnessed exciting news. Yesterday, our Assistant Secretary of State Christopher Hill returned from visiting Pyongyang to discuss how to get the Six-Party Talks back on track. This followed the promising news, after an unfortunate delay of over two months, that the Banco Delta Asia funds were being transferred to a Russian commercial bank and that North Korea announced that it had invited an International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) delegation to discuss how to monitor the shutting down and sealing of its Yongbyon facilities – a very important first step toward implementing the February 13 ¡°Initial Actions¡± agreement.
The United States welcomed this announcement and believes that it is very important that the IAEA delegation, scheduled to arrive in Pyongyang early next week, quickly reaches a productive agreement with the DPRK government, and that the DPRK government promptly shuts down the Yongbyon nuclear facility, so that we can make further progress on implementing the February 13 agreement. One of Assistant Secretary Hill's goals during his trip was to impress upon the North Koreans the need to make up for lost time and jump start the Six-Party Talks, with a view toward achieving the ultimate goal of the complete and verifiable denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula. As North Korea fulfills its commitments, the other parties will be able to follow through with the provision of heavy fuel oil and move to the next phase envisaged under the February 13 agreement.
Let me return to the unfortunate delay in implementing the February 13 agreement. We would have all liked to see Yongbyon shut down by now, so the North Korean insistence on having the BDA funds transferred internationally – rather than just released – was unfortunate. But there is another element to this. A constant theme from North Korea has been lack of trust in its Six-Party partners, particularly in the United States. Well, the United States showed extraordinary patience and flexibility in arranging the funds transfer. It proved to be exceptionally difficult because of legal rulings affecting BDA and, more importantly, the understandable reluctance of many countries¡¯ banks to deal with a country that is involved in weapons proliferation and a range of illicit activities. But in the end, the United States, with assistance from Russia and South Korea, got it done.
Similarly, Assistant Secretary Hill's visit to Pyongyang demonstrates that the U.S. government is invested in the process and wants to move it forward. We are making every effort – in close partnership with China, Japan, Russia and South Korea – to ensure that the Six-Party Talks succeed in resolving the nuclear problem on the Peninsula. The visit also demonstrates our willingness to engage with the DPRK bilaterally within the context of the Six-Party Talks. In fact, the opportunity for this visit came about while Assistant Secretary Hill was in the region to discuss restarting the Talks with the other partner countries; the ROK, China, Japan, and Russia were all aware of his visit. Soon, China's Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi will also visit the DPRK to discuss the nuclear issue, which we welcome, because the U.S. believes that the more countries that are working together toward the common goal of denuclearization, the better chance we have of actually achieving it.
What are the next steps? First, we look forward to the prompt shutdown of the Yongbyon nuclear facility, with IAEA monitoring; then we expect the Six Parties to meet – both at the official level and in working groups on particular issues – to agree on a roadmap for the next phase: disablement of all of North Korea¡¯s nuclear facilities and declaration of all of the DPRK¡¯s nuclear weapons and programs that are to be abandoned in the third and final phase. At some point in the next few months, we expect Foreign Ministers of the Six Parties to meet to assess progress to date and give impetus to the next stage of the denuclearization effort. But I have to be frank: continued forward progress requires political will on the part of the North Korean leadership also, and we are not yet in a position to judge that.
We have a lot of important work to do on the denuclearizing North Korea, but I would also like to touch on what my government sees as the broader potential value of the Six-Party Talks process.
In the short term, the Six Party Talks are the path toward normal relations between North Korea and the rest of the world, and the establishment of a permanent peace regime on the peninsula. But looking further ahead, the United States also very much hopes that the Six-Party Talks forum can serve as a framework for continued multilateral consultations and cooperation in the region. Just as the Five Parties are using their combined leverage and resources to help convince the North Koreans to abandon their nuclear arsenal, countries in the Northeast Asian region could use their combined leverage and resources to address other issues in the future – whether it is dealing with traditional security and economic challenges; transnational health issues such as avian influenza, tuberculosis, or SARS; or new environmental concerns in the Northeast Asia region, such as yellow dust. We should not underestimate the significance of the fact that China, South Korea, Russia, Japan, and the U.S. are represented at this Peace Forum, given the historical differences we have had in the past.
Long-Term: Democracy-Building...
It will not surprise you to hear that the United States also places great weight on promoting democracy – in Northeast Asia as elsewhere in the world. Since World War II, the United States has played a key role in democracy building and economic development here in Northeast Asia. It was during the post-war period that the U.S. forged alliances with two countries in the region, South Korea and Japan. The United States¡¯ military and financial support to those countries after the war helped both to develop economically and to usher in strong democratic societies. U.S. involvement also helped to stabilize Northeast Asia after a turbulent and violent era that had scarred and estranged the countries in the region. Today, South Korea and Japan are among our strongest allies and share many of the values and qualities that the U.S. prizes: freedom of speech, religion, press, and assembly; political parties that compete in fair and open elections; vibrant and free market economies. The U.S. hopes that these democratic values will spread and be embraced throughout Northeast Asia.
...and Economic Development
We also have a keen interest – you might even say self-interest – in participating in this region¡¯s dynamic economic development. This is Northeast Asia¡¯s strong suit. South Korea and Japan are two of the world¡¯s strongest economies; combined with China, the three countries account for 18% of world income and 14% of world trade. In the last few years, this region has achieved growth unlike any other area in the world, and with its vast resources, there is potential for even more. U.S. support in the past has helped South Korea and Japan develop at astounding rates, and we hope that the Korea-U.S. Free Trade Agreement, once ratified by both of our legislatures, will be the impetus for continued trade liberalization in Northeast Asia. We noted that China¡¯s interest in South Korea increased after the KORUS FTA was negotiated, and we believe it is healthy and natural to see more economic interdependence among the countries in the region; we would even like to help that process along.
Here on the Korean peninsula, there is budding economic cooperation between North and South and the potential for much more. The Kaesong Industrial Complex is not just a powerful symbol for inter-Korean relations, but a chance for North Koreans to get a taste of free-market economics. Restarting the inter-Korean railways last month was another highly symbolic act, one that could link the two Koreas to countries throughout Asia and all the way to Europe. We believe North-South engagement should continue, and that it has contributed to lowering tensions on the Peninsula. At the same time, to connect back to the first topic I discussed, the U.S. appreciates the South Korean government¡¯s insistence that North Korea make progress on its February 13 commitments before returning to ¡°business as usual¡± in inter-Korean relations. We also believe that engagement should lead to the North opening up more, giving North Korean citizens the chance to learn more about South Korea and the outside world.
North Korea could reap considerable economic benefits if it implements the February 13 ¡°Initial Actions¡± agreement, joining in the general trend of economic integration in Northeast Asia. In addition, economic projects like Kaesong and linking the inter-Korean railway system offer great opportunities for continued economic cooperation between the two sibling countries, as well as potential prosperity and increased openness for North Koreans. Indeed, if the growing economic interdependence we¡¯re witnessing in Northeast Asia develops into more formal economic integration, this may well serve as the basis for broader political cooperation and security and peace dialogues.
But first, the countries in this region must collectively achieve the most urgent goal: the complete elimination of the DPRK¡¯s nuclear weapons and programs. It is only with complete denuclearization that the U.S. government can agree to the complete normalization of relations with the DPRK and the conclusion of a permanent peace regime on the Korean Peninsula. The United States has fully and consistently supported South Korea¡¯s goal of peaceful unification of the two Koreas, in part because we firmly believe that a reunified, democratic and prosperous Korea would greatly impact and enhance security and stability in Northeast Asia – which is our overarching goal.
Conclusion
Through the Six-Party Talks and increased economic cooperation, including participation in forums like APEC and the ASEAN Regional Forum, the countries in this region have already demonstrated that they can work together to solve common problems. But the leaders in this region and the U.S. need to decide how to best leverage this multilateral cooperation for maximum impact. Having served as U.S. Ambassador to both South Korea and Russia, I believe that despite the different types of governments and unresolved historical issues, the prospect of peace, stability and prosperity within the region could motivate the countries to band together to achieve true breakthroughs – denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula among them. The United States will continue to play a lead role in this effort, to strengthen our alliances with South Korea and Japan, to seek out increased trade liberalization in the region, and to strengthen our relationships with China and Russia while encouraging democracy and human rights to help realize the goal of a secure and prosperous Northeast Asia.
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