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2012/06/18 |
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HIS EXCELLENCY KIM SUNG-HWAN
MINISTER OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS AND TRADE
¡°THE ROK-U.S. ALLIANCE IN THE ASIA-PACIFIC ERA¡±
REMARKS TO THE L.A. WORLD AFFAIRS COUNCIL
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA
June 15, 2012
INTRODUCTION—KOREA AND CALIFORNIA
Thank you, President Alexander Messmann and Ms. Diane Glazer for your kind introduction.
Members of the World Affairs Council,
distinguished guests.
Good evening,
and thank you for the invitation to address such an impressive audience.
I bring warm greetings from the Land of the Morning Calm¡¦
to the Land of the Morning Commute.
I have always had great personal affection for this country, ever since I was a young, consular official stationed in Honolulu.
As you can imagine, it was quite a hardship posting.
My introduction to America was like that of many of my countrymen at the turn of the century. It was in Hawaii that the first Korean boats touched U.S. soil, carrying immigrants who sought a better life. For them, Hawaii was not a tropical paradise, of course. Life was difficult.
But those who stayed, prospered.
From Hawaii they made their way to San Francisco¡¦ Riverside¡¦ Los Angeles. They were farmers. Dissidents. Even, eventually, my country¡¯s first president. Wherever they went, they established newspapers and businesses, set up churches, built communities. And this city, like the others, welcomed them.
Los Angeles was home to one of the great leaders of Korean independence, Dosan Ahn Chang Ho, whose name lives on in L.A.¡¯s highway, post office and park named in his honor. His son, the first American citizen born to Korean parents, was born in Highland Park.
Today, Los Angeles boasts the largest Korean population outside my country. If I were to walk just 10 miles east of here, it would be like finding myself in the middle of Seoul—the signs, the lights, the smells—even the motorists cursing in Korean.
As you can see, in a great many ways, California and Korea are connected. Los Angeles and Korea are connected. And not just our governments, but our businesses. Our students. Our cultures. Our communities.
So it is an honor for me to join you in this city that holds great meaning for the Korean people.
And in this city—which one of your previous speakers has called ¡°the capital of the Pacific Rim¡±—I am very pleased to share my thoughts on the ROK-U.S. alliance in the Asia-Pacific era, and why we in Korea believe that our relationship with the U.S. is essential to the progress of the region and the world.
GLOBALIZATION AND THE ARRIVAL OF THE ASIA-PACIFIC ERA
(Uncertainty and the Search for a New Equilibrium)
Pondering the rapidly changing international environment in this 21st century, I am guided by the words of the eminent geopolitical strategist¡¦ Jedi[Jedai] Master Yoda from George Lucas¡¯ Star Wars.
Yes, that Yoda.
He warns us: ¡°Impossible to see, the future is.¡±
Yoda¡¯s warning is well-taken. It is not, however, very comforting to any of us who want to know which way the future is heading.
So I prefer the saying of Peter Drucker, the father of modern business administration, who believed: ¡°The best way to predict the future is to create it.¡±
Taken together, these two statements remind us of two related themes in international relations today. These are, first, uncertainty¡¦ and second, the search for a new global equilibrium.
When I first came to this country—in 1980—the Cold War was the paradigm of international relations. It governed all thoughts, all relationships with other countries.
Then, within the decade, the Berlin Wall fell.
I was not posted to Russia until November 1990, so I cannot take full credit for that. But with or without my help, the Wall fell. And then other walls came down, too.
This was a proud moment for the free world—a transformative event in world history. It was, at the same time, profoundly destabilizing. Suddenly, the bipolar world, with its client states and Mutually Assured Destruction, was out. Unipolarity was in.
Then multipolarity.
Today, the international system is undefined. Uncertain.
Even unsettled.
As a result, the challenges we face are more complex, and some are entirely new. They cannot be successfully managed by a single country, or even a single region.
The market economy is now a global, integrated system. This has tremendous benefits—no one in this global city can deny that. But it also has great drawbacks. A crisis for one can become, overnight, a crisis for all. The Eurozone¡¯s troubles are a stark reminder of this fact.
Extreme poverty is no longer only a cause for humanitarian concern, it also breeds violence and terrorism—even nuclear terrorism—that can spill beyond borders.
We have entered an age in which information can be shared in seconds. That information can be liberating, as in Egypt and elsewhere. That information can also be damaging. But, either way, that information will not be contained.
What is clear is that we live in an era of constant change—and that is not going to change. All uncertainty will not be resolved in this decade or even the next century. But that does not mean we should accept this level of uncertainty. Because uncertainty is one thing but instability another.
As a global community, we must work to build stability. We must develop a new equilibrium. We must do this so that when change comes—when disruptions occur—we stand together on a solid foundation. One that is balanced. One that is firm, yet allows us to be flexible.
Our goal is not to end uncertainty, but to manage it better.
In this way we can respond more effectively to our shifting circumstances. We can find sure footing as the winds of change pick up speed.
(Realignment and the Advent of the Asia-Pacific Era)
And to find that footing, we must look westward from here.
Because amid all this uncertainty, one thing is certain: the Asia Pacific region will be central to this equilibrium. Of course, the Atlantic still plays a crucial role in our world. But the growing power and prosperity of the Asia-Pacific region make it indispensable in many new ways.
We see the rise, previously unanticipated, of Asian preeminence in many areas.
Over the past decade, the Asia Pacific has experienced robust growth. And this growth has continued relatively strongly, even despite the 2008 global financial crisis and more recent headwinds. While this crisis revealed fundamental weakness in the global economy, it also pointed to the emerging economic power of the Asia Pacific.
As a region, we boast almost half the global population—millions rising rapidly out of poverty, eager to consume and produce. In 2010, APEC member states accounted for 56 percent of the world¡¯s GDP, and 46 percent of the world¡¯s trade volume.
Your Trade Representative, the Honorable Ron Kirk, has observed that Asia is a critical engine of the global economy, and therefore a region in which America¡¯s vital economic interests are at stake.
Along with this growing economic clout has come a greater role in world affairs. Secretary Clinton, my counterpart, was exactly right when she wrote recently that ¡°the Asia-Pacific has become a key driver of global politics.¡±
Indeed, how could it now be otherwise? The world¡¯s largest militaries are in the Asia Pacific. So are the world¡¯s largest emitters of carbon dioxide. We count among our neighbors both the world¡¯s largest democracy and its most repressive dictatorship.
And also, we must cope with an upsurge in nationalism, increasing territorial disputes, and contending regional cooperation bodies.
The decisions Asian nations make—internally, among ourselves, on the UN Security Council—have global ramifications. Few of the globe¡¯s great challenges can be addressed, even in part, without taking into account this part of the world.
The 20th century was the Atlantic Century. The 21st will be the Asia Pacific Century—and it must be all of ours.
(The U.S. Asia-Pacific Policy)
The U.S. government understands this. On President Obama¡¯s recent trip to the region, he made clear that, quote, ¡°as a Pacific nation, the United States will play a larger and long-term role in shaping this region and its future, by upholding core principles and in close partnership with our allies and friends,¡± unquote.
Korea welcomes this decision to rebalance toward our dynamic Asia-Pacific region.
To varying degrees, the U.S. has been involved in the Asia Pacific since the 19th century. Previously—and at great cost—you have fought wars to halt the spread of militarism and communism in the region. You have ushered in rapid economic growth by opening up your own markets and investing in our countries.
With economic development accelerating and strategic uncertainty lingering, America is looking toward the Pacific at a critical moment. Certain global objectives—such as encouraging China¡¯s constructive and peaceful emergence onto the world stage—will require thoughtful, sustained American engagement.
We are pleased that in Asia earlier this month, Secretary Panetta reiterated that, despite budgetary constraints, the U.S. will not waver in this commitment.
So we welcome the renewed American presence because past experience shows it will provide needed stability and growth. It will bring efforts to responsibly promote universal values such as human rights and rule of law.
And we believe, further, that the Korea-U.S. alliance is best suited to this task.
VISION FOR ROK-U.S. ALLIANCE
(The U.S. Asia-Pacific Policy and the ROK-U.S. Alliance)
Of course, your country has formed many strong, bilateral alliances with Pacific nations. With Japan after World War II. With Australia.
This network of nation-to-nation alliances constitutes the hub and spoke of the region¡¯s multilateral cooperation. Some say these sorts of bilateral relationships are old relics, left over from the Cold War. But I would say that in the absence of an Asian NATO, these alliances still remain central to securing the peace and stability of the region.
And the U.S. partnership with Korea is one of the region¡¯s strongest. It is arguably the greatest success story of American engagement with Asia. We recently were called, by The Economist, ¡°a model American ally.¡±
I would add that to us, America is a model Korean ally. This is a model alliance. And that is because it rests on a strong foundation—of security imperatives, economic interests, and shared values. Together this makes clear why our maturing relationship allows us to be an even greater force for security, stability and opportunity—not just in the Asia Pacific, but around the world.
In the remainder of my time, I would like to discuss each of these in turn.
(The ROK-U.S. Security Alliance)
First, security. Our relationship began primarily as a security alliance.
It was a partnership born of necessity, and forged in blood by the 1,800,000 American troops who fought alongside my people. A partnership paid for, most terribly, with the lives of so many thousands of Americans who answered the call ¡°to defend a country they never knew and a people they never met.¡±
This commitment is still central to our relationship.
Korea and the U.S. have established the strongest combined defense posture in the world. Our militaries cooperate closely. Our soldiers train together. They patrol the DMZ together.
Even as our alliance evolves, we continue to face significant security challenges together. Primary among these is the North Korean issue, which divides our peninsula and threatens the security of the world.
Speaking at a Korean university in March, President Obama urged North Korea to ¡°have the courage to pursue peace and give a better life to the North Korean people.¡±
These were wise words.
Courage, we know, is not demonstrated by confrontation or conflict. True courage does not mean pushing ahead with nuclear tests. It is not shown by missile launches against all opposition from regional neighbors and the international community. The North Korean regime must come to understand this reality, and embrace the tide of history.
It is well past time to break the vicious, unending cycle of provocation, compensation, and dialogue, which leads only to more provocation, more conflict. The fundamental issues of the regime run deeper than the immediate ones of missile tests and uranium enrichment. And we seek not merely a resolution to these pressing problems, but long-term solutions.
Together with our allies and partners, we need to formulate a vision that will bring about true peace and dignity—the universal values of human rights—for all Korean people. If the reconstruction and development of the Republic of Korea is the success story of the 20th century, our goal for the 21st must be to magnify that success story across the entire Korean Peninsula.
Until that welcome day, our soldiers stand, as President Obama has said, at ¡°freedom¡¯s frontier.¡±
(The ROK-U.S. Economic Alliance)
And they stand there, vigilant, as together we pursue new frontiers.
Because what began as a security alliance has, over the decades, blossomed into much more.
In the years after the Korean war, Korea could hardly have been called an economic ally of the U.S. We were one of the poorest countries on the planet—poorer even than the North Koreans we fought. We received millions in U.S. aid.
But with an abiding faith in free markets—with hard work and determination— we picked ourselves up. And we have prospered. Our GDP per capita has increased from $80 in the early 1960s to $20,000. Since the Asian financial crisis of the late 1990s, Korea¡¯s GDP has doubled—doubled. We have joined the club of trillion-dollar economies.
And as Korea has grown economically, the U.S.-Korea relationship has grown as well.
Today, Korea is America¡¯s seventh-largest trading partner, exchanging everything from cars to high-tech equipment. Last year, California¡¯s exports to Korea totaled $8.4 billion. That is $10 million for every mile of your coastline. These goods and services that flow across the Pacific in ever-greater quantities have bound us more closely than ever before.
All around, we see evidence of these connections—not only trade, but lasting, mutually profitable partnerships. Creating jobs in Georgia. Building advanced batteries in Michigan.
Look at one of Korea¡¯s largest mobile phone makers, Pantech, which uses scratch-resistant glass from Corning and microchips from Qualcomm. Much of the production inputs come from your country.
Here in California alone, more than 300 Korean companies are doing business. If you drove up I-5 to Pittsburg, you would arrive at a U.S. Steel-POSCO joint venture that is the second-largest steel importer on the West Coast. Passing through the Central Valley—in a few years, at least—you will see four 20-megawatt solar power plants constructed by Samsung and the ENCO Utility Services. And you might drive in a brand new Hyundai or Kia bought right here in Los Angeles.
There are countless examples. Some of your businesses might be those examples.
In just the past year, Korean companies have invested approximately $16 billion into the U.S. economy. It is a sign, even in these difficult economic times, of our belief in—and commitment to—our shared future together.
And with the entry into force of the Korea-U.S. Free Trade Agreement this March, our two countries have taken the step in strengthening this partnership for prosperity, creating more opportunities on both sides of the Pacific.
(The ROK-U.S. Joint Partnership)
So we see that our security partnership is strong. We see that our economic partnership is strong as well—stronger than ever. But we all agree this has never been only about a bilateral relationship. It has never been only about what the U.S. can do for Korea and what Korea can do for the U.S. It must be about what we can do—together—for the region, and for the world.
And the answer is – more than ever.
It is no coincidence, for instance, that Seoul recently became President Obama¡¯s most visited foreign capital. And that is not just because of our bulgogi beef that President Obama is said to enjoy. It is because on a wide range of global issues, the U.S. and Korea are of one mind.
Increasingly, we are taking joint action to address 21st-century challenges. Challenges like WMD proliferation and climate change¡¦ energy shortages and food crises¡¦ and the crushing poverty we know all too well.
In 2010, Korea was proud to host the G20 summit, where we helped developed a vision for the global economy in the wake of the financial crisis. We were again privileged to host the world¡¯s leaders at the Seoul Nuclear Security Summit in March of this year, to move further toward President Obama¡¯s vision of ¡°a world without nuclear weapons.¡±
We have been active, too, on the ground in many of the world¡¯s most challenging situations.
As you joined us in our fight for freedom, Korean soldiers proudly serve alongside Americans in Iraq and Afghanistan. We helped repair roads, build schools, trained the locals and provided medical services. And when one of our own was killed in Afghanistan, your soldiers bowed their heads.
We send our KOICA development volunteers overseas with the experience of a country risen from the ashes in half a century, and also the advice of your Peace Corps volunteers, who have mentored them in adapting to their new surroundings.
They are one part of Korea¡¯s commitment to lifting the burden of poverty under which we suffered. Toward that end, we have pledged to triple our overseas development budget by 2015, and have worked with the U.S. to improve the effectiveness and reach of our foreign aid.
And while the rest of the world searches for solutions to climate change, Korea has set a goal of becoming the world¡¯s seventh-largest green economic power by 2020, and partnered with your country to develop new, more efficient renewable energy technologies.
This reflects the approach we are adopting, more and more. Outward-facing, united with the U.S. As we have grown secure and prosperous, we remain mindful that the nations of the world once rallied to support us. And now that we can, we must support others.
Once a ¡°hermit kingdom,¡± my country is becoming a responsible leader—a true Global Korea. And a true partner of the U.S.
(The ROK-U.S. Alliance Toward Shared Values)
I have talked a lot about our shared history, and our shared interests. And, certainly, those are powerful reasons why our relationship is so strong. But there is another reason, and that is that we share not only interests, but values as well.
The leaders of our independence movement, many of them, studied and lived in this country. They took their inspiration from your own struggle for freedom.
Like you, we are dedicated—deeply—to democracy. We believe in free people and free markets.
Our entrepreneurs, like yours, are constantly searching for the next big idea—and work tirelessly to bring them to fruition.
We celebrate our own version of the American Dream.
Like the young man who paid for school by hauling garbage, then became Korea¡¯s youngest-ever CEO, and now President of my country.
Or a boy named Ban Ki-moon, who learned English from Peace Corps volunteers, and went on to become Secretary General of the United Nations, spreading the values of freedom and human rights around the globe.
Or the second-generation Korean American, Jim Kim—a star pupil who became a leader in public health, then President of Dartmouth College, and now President of the World Bank.
And as we have transformed ourselves into a vibrant, capitalist democracy, those common values have been our most unbreakable bond.
We know the Korea-U.S. alliance will endure and become stronger. ¡°A comprehensive strategic alliance,¡± as our 2009 Joint Vision states, ¡°based on common values and mutual trust.¡±
It is the reason that what began as an alliance against communism has evolved into an alliance for so much more—for peace, prosperity, and progress.
True, such an alliance must confront more diverse global challenges. We see them in brutal massacres in Syria. In tensions over how to address climate change.
We must be forward-looking in responding to these multi-faceted threats. If you¡¯ll permit me to practice my Latin, we must have an alliance semper vigilans—an alliance always attentive to the changing global situation.
We must have an alliance semper paratus—always prepared to address our challenges.
And we must have an alliance semper strenuus—always proactive in creating a new order.
Certainly, committing to a more comprehensive alliance demands more attention, more resources, more difficult decisions.
But such is the price of progress, and it is a price we are willing to pay.
A value-based alliance has its critics, yes. But I have no doubt—no doubt—that an alliance built on shared values will far outlast an alliance based only on the cold calculation of national interest.
CONCLUSION—CELEBRATING INDEPENDENCE AND INTERDEPENDENCE
If you need proof, look no further than the hills overlooking the Los Angeles harbor. On a bluff in San Pedro stands a big, bronze bell.
It is the Korean Friendship Bell, modeled on the bell of the 8th-century King Songdok, and presented by my country to yours on your bicentennial.
The bell will ring twice this summer. Once on the Fourth of July, to celebrate your Independence Day. And once on August 15th, to commemorate ours.
But this bell rings not just for independence. It also rings for inter-dependence. For the idea that I have spoken of this evening—that wherever the U.S. and Korea go, we go together. And not just our governments, but our nations in the truest sense.
The bell rings out over the harbor where American ships once left, on their way to places called Seoul and Inchon¡¦ the harbor where our cargo ships now come and go, carrying goods across the oceans¡¦
It rings, too, for the American entrepreneurs joining with their Korean counterparts¡¦ for the Korean baseball players who light up Dodgers Stadium¡¦ and for the Korean young people who come to study at UCLA and USC, to learn about their friends and neighbors in the U.S.
And as our two countries deepen our alliance in this new century, I believe it will surely ring in an ever-brighter future for all the peoples of the Pacific and beyond.
Thank you all very much.
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