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2007/03/13
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The Six-Party Talks, Will It Succeed?



Special Lecture by Dr. Kim Dae-jung

15th President of the Republic of Korea

At the 2007 IFJ-JAK Special Conference

March 13, 2007



Mr. Aidan Patrick White, General Secretary of the International Federation of Journalists (IFJ), Mr. Nam Young-jin, chairman of the organizing committee, Chung Il-yong, President of the Journalists Association of Korea (JAK), and journalists from home and abroad!



I would like to express my sincere congratulations to the 2007 IFJ-JAK Special Conference which has opened under the theme of ¡°Peace and Reconciliation of the Korean Peninsula¡±, and extend my best wishes for its success.



In regard to the current six-party talks, we all wish for its success and at the same time are concerned about whether the North Korean nuclear issue can be resolved at this time. Based on the following grounds, I have high expectations that this year we will see more success in the six-party talks and warm rays of peace and cooperation will shine on the Korean Peninsula.



First, the United States and North Korea agreed on important principles for the first time in bilateral talks in Berlin and six-party talks in Beijing. North Korea agreed to completely give up its nuclear weapons program and join the denuclearization process of the Korean Peninsula. The United States agreed for the first time to guarantee North Korea¡¯s security, lift economic sanctions, and normalize relations with North Korea, demands that North Korea had consistently called for. Now if both countries sincerely comply with this agreement the North Korean nuclear issue will eventually be resolved and peace will take root on the Korean Peninsula.



Second, the United States has a clear reason to seek a breakthrough in the North Korean nuclear negotiations. With its military focus currently on the Middle East, the United States does not have enough capability to spare on attacking North Korea. Economic sanctions on North Korea are also of little use in the current situation unless China actively joins in the sanctions. Moreover, for President Bush who was not able to achieve success in the Middle East, it has become important to reap diplomatic success on the Korean Peninsula.



Third, North Korea also has a reason to seize the opportunity to achieve success in the six-party talks. There is no reason for North Korea to refuse to negotiate with the United States now that the U.S. has agreed to accept all demands made by North Korea such as security guarantees, lifting economic sanction and normalizing bilateral relations. North Korea¡¯s possession of nuclear weapons is most fiercely opposed by China. This is because China is concerned that North Korea having nuclear weapons could give Japan or Taiwan an excuse to develop nuclear weapons. If these two countries go nuclear this would be a nightmare for China. On the other hand, even if North Korea does possess nuclear weapons, the leverage of North Korea¡¯s nuclear capability would drop significantly for North Korea if Japan and Taiwan possess nuclear weapons. If North Korea does not seize this opportunity and refuses to negotiate, then this time the five other members of the six-party talks including China could take strong collective sanctions on North Korea. In such case, North Korea¡¯s survival could be threatened.



As such, there is an active need both for the United States and North Korea to resolve the nuclear issue. I would like to emphasize once again. I believe this year there are high prospects for a resolution to the North Korean nuclear issue through active and wise cooperation.



Distinguished guests!



Along with the resolution to the six-party talks, there is a high possibility that the warm rays of peace will shine in Northeast Asia. When I first ran in the presidential election in 1971, 36 years ago, I emphasized that the four powers of the U.S., Japan, China and the Soviet Union should jointly guarantee peace on the Korean Peninsula, and have consistently maintained such belief to this day. Furthermore, I proposed that the six-party talks should be made into a permanent organization to guarantee peace on the Korean Peninsula and Northeast Asia even after the nuclear issue is resolved, whenever I met with U.S. and Chinese leaders, and I received positive responses from them.



Korea is situated in a unique geopolitical location where it is surrounded by four world powers. Professor Paul Kennedy of Yale University had emphasized in the past that ¡°Korea is surrounded by four elephants; the United States, Japan, China and Russia. The future of Korea depends on how well it handles itself between the legs of these four elephants.¡±



Among these four powers, the United States is especially a special country for Korea. In the late Joesun Dynasty when Japan, Ching Dynasty (then China) and Russia were trying to take over the Korean Peninsula, not having the U.S. present to keep these countries in check was one of the biggest reasons for our demise. For the security and peace of the Korean Peninsula and for peaceful unification, the role of the United States is more important than anything. And the role of the other three countries is also important. The six-party talks will provide a very important cooperation for the security of the Korean people and peace and unification of the Korean Peninsula. Now is the time the wisdom and diplomatic capability of the Korean people are needed.



Ladies and gentlemen!



Then, what is the current situation of the Korean Peninsula and what are its future prospects? Since the June 15 Inter-Korean summit in 2000, there has been much change in the relations between the South and the North. Above all, tension has greatly eased on the Peninsula, freeing people from the terror of war. The perception of the South and the North towards one another has changed from hostility of the past to a sense of fraternal affection.



Such change in perception is particularly evident in North Korea. The North Korean people have shed much of their pastime hostility and distrust after receiving the rice, fertilizers and medicine sent from the South. They now have a sense of fraternal love, trust and gratitude towards South Korea. Their aspiration for South Korean culture has also grown. South Korean TV dramas and songs are secretly being spread around the North Korean society. The so-called ¡®Hanryu¡¯ has spread to North Korea.



Human exchange and cooperation between the South and the North is also frequently occurring. Before the June 15 Summit only 200 separated families were reunited during the fifty-year period. However, since the Summit meeting 13,000 have met their loved ones. In the future, more people will be reunited. 1.3 million tourists have visited Mount Kumgang. The number of civilian exchange exceeds 100 thousand every year. More than 10,000 North Korean workers work at the Kaesong Industrial Complex. The North Korean people even compete with each other to get a job at the complex. Soon up to 350 thousand people will work there.



However, it is only an elementary step. If the U.S.-North Korean relations improve through the six-party talks, the inter-Korean relations will immediately enter the era of full exchange and cooperation. Then the hope of unification will rise as a rainbow in the sky.



Nevertheless, we do not want hurried unification. We exclude Vietnam¡¯s unification by force. We do not want Germany¡¯s unification through absorption. We will co-exist peacefully, exchange as well as cooperate peacefully, and unify peacefully when the appropriate time arrives. Perhaps, it will take more or less than 10 years to fulfill complete unification.



Only gradual and peaceful unification can sustain the development of economies of both Koreas in stability and will allow two Koreas enough time to cooperate mutually and achieve unification successfully without conflict. Unification should be a win-win situation for both sides. The unification that has a winner on one side and a loser on the other will bring misery on both sides.



Unification accomplished in peace and stability will make the unified Korea emerge as a world¡¯s great power. Korea has intellectual tradition as well as high educational level and has accomplished democratization on its own. Also, it has overcome the financial crisis and led the development of informatization as a pioneer in the world. Goldman Sachs has predicted that in the next 50 years until 2050, Korea will become the great economic power next to the U.S., and its GNP will be 81,000 US dollars.



Distinguished guests!



The six-party talks will bring peace on the Korean Peninsula. Peace on the Korean Peninsula will open the era of reconciliation and cooperation between two Koreas. Such reconciliation and cooperation will head toward the road of peaceful unification. Then peaceful unification will help unified Korea be aligned with the world¡¯s advanced countries and devote to international cooperation and supporting the developing countries. For us to fulfill this dream, we need the gracious support of all of you here today.



Finally, I plead to the United States and North Korea the following respectively.



First to the United States. This time should be the very opportunity for the U.S. to give North Korea what it wants; please embrace North Korea into the international society. This is also a way for the U.S. to maintain a strong position on the Korean Peninsula.



Second to North Korea. Please do not miss the present opportunity. Through your firm determination to abandon the nuclear program, please acquire security assurances, lifting of economic sanctions, and normalization of relations from the U.S. and the world.



Closing my speech, I want to ask a favor of the journalists who have attended the conference today for the following. Korea is trying its best to hold the 2014 Winter Olympic Games in Pyungchang of Kangwon Province and also to host 2012 World Expo at Yeosu. Both cities failed in holding or hosting the events last time due to very slight differences in vote. This time, we have to achieve these goals and contribute to development and peace of international society as well as Korea. I ask for your active support, and when these events are held in Korea, I am willing to invite all of you as the VIP guests.



Ladies and gentlemen!



Once again, I extend my best wishes for the success of this special conference, and also hope you enjoy your stay in Korea.



Thank you.






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